Backup and Recovery: Overview

Objectives

DBA Responsibilities

Separation of DBA Duties

Assessing Your Recovery Requirements

Categories of Failure

Statement Failure

User Process Failure

Network Failure

User Error

Instance Failure

Media Failure

Data Failures

Instance Recovery

The Checkpoint (CKPT) Process

The Redo Log Files and the Log Writer (LGWR) Process

Database Log Mode

Automatic Instance Recovery or Crash Recovery

Phases of Instance Recovery

Tuning Instance Recovery

Using the MTTR Advisor

Restoring and Recovering

Comparing Complete and Incomplete Recovery

The Complete Recovery Process

The Point-in-Time Recovery Process

Oracle Data Protection Solutions

Flashback Technology

Summary

Backup and Recovery Configuration

Objectives

Configuring for Recoverability

Configuring the Fast Recovery Area

Monitoring the Fast Recovery Area

Multiplexing controlfiles

Redo Log Files

Multiplexing the Redo Log

Creating Archived Redo Log Files

Archiver (ARCn) Process

Archived Redo Log Files: Naming and Destinations

Configuring ARCHIVELOG Mode

Summary

Using Recovery Manager (RMAN)

Objectives

Integrated Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN)

Connecting to RMAN and a Target Database

Using SQL in RMAN

Types of RMAN Commands

Job Commands: Example

Configuring Persistent Settings for RMAN

Viewing Persistent Settings

Managing Persistent Settings

Specifying a Retention Policy

Recovery Window Retention Policy: Example

Summary

Backup Strategies

Objectives

Understanding Types of Backups

Backup Terminology

Understanding Types of Backups

RMAN Backup Types

Backup Solutions: Overview

Balancing Backup and Restore Requirements

Comparing Backup Strategies

Option 1: Full and Incremental Backups

Option 2: Incrementally Updated Disk Backups

Option 3: Offloading Backups Physical Standby Database i

Guard Environment

Backing Up Read-Only Tablespaces: Considerations

Data Warehouse Backup and Recovery: Best Practices

Summary

Creating Database Backups

Objectives

Using RMAN Commands to Create Backups

Syntax and Clauses in RMAN

Creating Backup Sets

Creating Image Copies

Creating a Whole Database Backup

CDB Backup: Whole CDB Backup

CDB Backup: Partial CDB Backup

PDB Backup: Partial PDB Backup

Review: RMAN Backup Types

Incrementally Updated Backups

Incrementally Updated Backups: Example

Fast Incremental Backup

Maintaining the Block Change Tracking File

Monitoring Block Change Tracking

Automatic Disk-to-Disk Backup and Recovery

Oracle-Suggested Backup

Backing Up the controlfile to a Trace File

Cataloging Additional Backup Files

Reporting on Backups

Using Dynamic Views

Summary

Using Optional Backup Features

Objectives

Saving Backup Space with Unused Block Compression

Compressing Backups

Using RMAN Backup Compression

Using a Media Manager

Configuring Backup and Restore for Very Large Files

Backing Up and Restoring Very Large Files

Creating RMAN Multisection Backups

Creating Proxy Copies

Creating Duplexed Backup Sets Using BACKUP COPIES

Creating Backups of Backup Sets

Archival Backups: Concepts

Creating Archival Backups with RMAN

Managing Archival Database Backups

Backing Up Recovery Files

Summary

Tuning RMAN Backup Performance

Objectives

Is there a problem?

Diagnosing Performance Bottlenecks

Diagnosing Performance Bottlenecks: Read Phase

Is there a “write” problem?

Diagnosing Performance Bottlenecks: Write or Copy Phase

Using Dynamic Views to Diagnose RMAN Performance

Monitoring RMAN Job Progress

Identifying Backup and Restore Bottlenecks

Asynchronous I/O Bottlenecks

Synchronous I/O Bottlenecks

Tuning RMAN Backup Performance

Parallelization of Backup Sets

RMAN Multiplexing

Summary

Recovery Catalog Overview

Objectives

RMAN Repository Data Storage: Comparison of Options

Storing Information in the Recovery Catalog

Reasons to Use a Recovery Catalog

Summary

Creating a Recovery Catalog

Objectives

Creating a Recovery Catalog: Three Steps

1. Configuring the Recovery Catalog Database

2. Creating the Recovery Catalog Owner

3. Creating the Recovery Catalog

Summary

Managing Target Database Records

Objectives

Managing Target Database Records in the Recovery Catalog

Registering a Database in the Recovery Catalog

Unregistering a Target Database from the Recovery Catalog

Recovery Catalog Resynchronization: Concepts

Manually Resynchronizing the Recovery Catalog

Summary

Using Stored Scripts

Objectives

Using RMAN Stored Scripts

Executing RMAN Stored Scripts

Maintaining RMAN Stored Scripts

Summary

Creating and Using Virtual Private Catalogs

Objectives

Creating and Using Virtual Private Catalogs

Creating a Virtual Private Catalog

Managing Virtual Private Catalogs

Upgrading Catalog

Upgrading Virtual Private Catalogs

Upgrading Catalog Example

Upgrading Catalog

Summary

Restore and Recovery Concepts

Objectives

File Loss

Data Repair Techniques

Restoring and Recovering

Using RMAN RESTORE and RECOVER Commands

Instance Failure

Instance Recovery

Phases of Instance Recovery

Media Failure

Comparing Complete and Incomplete Recovery

Complete Recovery Process

Point-in-Time Recovery Process

Recovery with the RESETLOGS Option

Restore and Recovery Performance: Best Practices

Summary

Diagnosing Failures

Objectives

Reducing Problem Diagnosis Time

Automatic Diagnostic Workflow

Automatic Diagnostic Repository

ADR Command-Line Tool (ADRCI)

V$DIAG_INFO View

Data Failure: Examples

Summary

Performing Complete Recovery

Objectives

Ensuring Backups Are Available

Restoring in NOARCHIVELOG Mode

Recovery with Incremental Backups in NOARCHIVELOG Mode

Performing Complete Recovery

Review: Recovering Image Copies

Recovering Image Copies: Example

Performing a Fast Switch to Image Copies

Using SET NEWNAME for Switching Files

Using Restore Points

PDB Temp File Recovery

PDB SYSTEM or UNDO Tablespace Recovery

PDB Non-SYSTEM Tablespace Recovery

Summary

Performing Point-in-Time Recovery

Objectives

Point-in-Time Recovery

PITR Terminology

Performing Point-in-Time Recovery

When to Use TSPITR

Tablespace Point-in-Time Recovery: Architecture

Preparing for TSPITR

Determining the Correct Target Time

Determining the Tablespaces for the Recovery Set

Identifying Objects That Will Be Lost

Performing RMAN TSPITR

Performing Fully Automated TSPITR

Improving TSPITR Performance

Performing RMAN TSPITR with an RMAN-Managed Auxiliary Instance

Performing RMAN TSPITR Using Your Own Auxiliary Instance

Troubleshooting RMAN TSPITR

PITR of PDBs

Recovering Tables from Backups

Table Recovery: Graphical Overview

Prerequisites and Limitations

Specifying the Recovery Point in Time

Process Steps of Table Recovery

Summary

Performing Block Media Recovery

Objectives

What is block corruption?

Block Corruption Symptoms: ORA-01578

How to Handle Corruption

Setting Parameters to Detect Corruption

Block Media Recovery

Prerequisites for Block Media Recovery

Recovering Individual Blocks

Best Practice: Proactive Checks

Checking for Block Corruption

Summary

Performing Additional Recovery Operations

Objectives

Recovery from the Loss of the Server Parameter File

Restoring the Server Parameter File from the controlfile Autobackup

Loss of a controlfile

Recovering from the Loss of All controlfile Copies: Overview

Restoring the controlfile from Autobackup

Restoring the SPFILE and the controlfile

Recovering NOLOGGING Database Objects

Loss of a Redo Log File

Log Group Status: Review

Recovering from the Loss of a Redo Log Group

Clearing a Log File

Re-creating a Password Authentication File

Summary

Oracle Flashback Technology: Overview

Objectives

Configuring Database Flashback Technologies

Flashback Technologies: Error Detection and Correction

Review: Transactions and Undo

Flashback Technology

Summary

Using Logical Flashback Features

Objectives

Using Flashback Technologies to Query Data

Flashback Query

Flashback Version Query

Flashback Table: Overview

Flashback Table

Flashback Table: Considerations

Flashback Transaction Query

Flashback Transaction Query: Considerations

Flashback Transaction Backout

Flashback Transaction Backout Options

Flashing Back a Transaction

Best Practices: Undo-Based Flashback Query, Flashback Table

Flashback Drop and the Recycle Bin

Recycle Bin

Bypassing the Recycle Bin

Using Flashback Time Travel

Creating and Enabling Flashback Time Travel

How the Flashback Data Archive Works

Transparent Schema Evolution

Full Schema Evolution

Summary

Using Flashback Database

Objectives

Preparing Your Database for Flashback

Guaranteeing Undo Retention

Undo Retention

Flashback Database: Continuous Data Protection

Flashback Database

Flashback Database Architecture

Configuring Flashback Database

Configuring Flashback Database Overview

Configuring Flashback Database Parameters

Configuring Flashback Database Log Management

Flashback Database: Examples

CDB and PDB Flashback

Flashback Database Considerations

Monitoring Flashback Database Information

Flashback Database and Guaranteed Restore Points

Guaranteed Restore Points

PDB Flashback and Clean Restore Point

Summary

Transport Using Recovery Catalog

Objectives

Overview

Methods of Transporting with Recovery Catalog

Prerequisites: Generic

Prerequisites: Specific

Recovery Catalog Methods for PDBs

Quickly Transport a PDB with Recovery Catalog

Transport a PDB Using a Preexisting Backup with Recovery Catalog

Transport a PDB Using Multiple Incremental Backups with Recovery Catalog

Recovery Catalog Methods for Tablespaces

Quickly Transport a Tablespace with Recovery Catalog

Transport a Tablespace Using a Preexisting Backup with Recovery Catalog

Transport a Tablespace Using Multiple Incremental Backups with Recovery Catalog

Transport a PDB Using Multiple Incremental Backups with Recovery Catalog

Summary

Transport Using NOCATALOG

Objectives

Methods of Transporting in NOCATALOG Mode

Prerequisites: Generic

Prerequisites: Specific

NOCATALOG Mode for PDBs

Quickly Transport a PDB in NOCATALOG Mode

Transport a PDB Using a Preexisting Backup in NOCATALOG Mode

Transport a PDB Using Multiple Incremental Backups in NOCATALOG Mode

NOCATALOG Mode for Tablespaces

Quickly Transport a Tablespace in NOCATALOG Mode

Transport a Tablespace Using a Preexisting Backup in NOCATALOG Mode

Transport a Tablespace Using Multiple Incremental Backups in NOCATALOG Mode

Summary

Transport Using Network Link

Objectives

Methods of Transporting Over Network Link

Prerequisites: Generic

Methods of Transporting PDBs Over Network Link

Transporting PDBs Over Network Link

Quickly Transport a PDB Over Network Link

Transport PDBs by Restoring Backups Incrementally Over the Network

Methods of Transporting Tablespaces Over Network Link

Transport Tablespaces Over Network Link

Quickly Transport a Tablespace Over Network Link

Transport Tablespaces by Restoring Backups Incrementally Over the Network

Summary

Using PDB Snapshots

Objectives

PDB Snapshot Carousel

Creating PDB Snapshots

Creating PDBs Using PDB Snapshots

PDB Snapshots Basics

PDB Snapshots Views

Dropping PDB Snapshots

Flashing Back PDBs Using PDB Snapshots

Summary

Database Duplication Overview

Objectives

Using a Duplicate Database

Choosing Database Duplication Techniques

Duplicating an Active Database with “Push”

Comparing the “Push” and “Pull” Methods of Duplication

Duplicating a Database with a Target Connection

Duplicating a Database with a Recovery Catalog

Duplicating a Database Without a Recovery Catalog or Target Connection

Summary

Creating a Backup-Based Duplicate Database

Objectives

Creating a Backup-Based Duplicate Database

Creating an Initialization Parameter File for the Auxiliary Instance

Specifying New Names for Your Destination

Using the SET NEWNAME Clauses

Substitution Variables for SET NEWNAME

Specifying Parameters for File Naming

Starting the Instance in NOMOUNT Mode

Ensuring Backups and Archived Redo Log Files Are Available

Allocating Auxiliary Channels

Understanding the RMAN Duplication Operation

Specifying Options for the DUPLICATE Command

Using Additional DUPLICATE Command Options

Duplicating Selected PDBs in a CDB

Cloning an Active PDB into an Existing CDB

Example: Duplicating PDB1 from CDB1 to CDB2 as PDB1

Example: Duplicating PDB1 from CDB1 to CDB2 as PDB2

Summary